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Materials and Finishes

A Comparison of Ductility and Malleability in Metals

9 min read

Ductility and malleability of metals: what they are and differences

Ductility is the ability of a material to deform plastically under tension without breaking. Malleability is the ability to deform plastically under compression without breaking.

Ductility and malleability are two terms often used as synonyms. In reality they describe two distinct behaviours of the...

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Melting Point Scale

7 min read

Melting point: what it is, how it's measured and why it matters

The melting point is one of the most consulted properties in the choice of a material, but also one of the most misunderstood. It's often confused with the maximum operating temperature or with softening. Furthermore, different parameters are sometimes compared, such as the melting point of metals...

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Various types of steel bars as raw material for CNC machining

6 min read

What Steel Is Made Of: Composition, Elements, and Types

What is steel made of? The short answer is: iron and carbon. The complete one opens up a whole world. Steel is a metal alloy composed of over 95% iron, but it's the remaining elements that determine its characteristics.

Understanding the composition of steel means understanding why an S355 behaves...

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Elongation at break

7 min read

Elongation at break: what it is and why it matters in design

Elongation at break is one of the main parameters on material test certificates. It indicates how much a material deforms plastically before breaking under load and is a fundamental parameter for assessing its ductility. For the designer it's an essential piece of data: it makes it possible to...

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Different Types of Polyamide

6 min read

Polyamide: Types, Properties and Industrial Applications

Polyamide, commercially known as nylon, is one of the most widely used engineering polymers in industry.

In this guide, we examine the main types of polyamide (PA6, PA66, PA11, PA12 and filled grades) their key properties and the practical criteria for selecting the right grade.

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aerospace components in PEEK CF, PEEK GF, PPS CF and ULTEM

8 min read

Materials for aerospace components: a guide to making the right choice

Choosing the most suitable material for an aerospace component is one of the most delicate design decisions. Every gram affects fuel consumption, every limitation in thermal resistance can compromise suitability for certification, and every choice has direct consequences for the airworthiness...

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Copper Alloys

6 min read

Copper alloys: classification, properties and selection criteria

Copper alloys are one of the most versatile groups of materials available to designers: they combine copper’s conductivity and corrosion resistance with mechanical strength and machinability that pure copper could never achieve. There are hundreds of standardised grades, from free-machining brasses...

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Tensile testing machine in accordance with ISO 6892-1

4 min read

Tensile Test: A Complete Guide for Engineers and Designers

The tensile test is the most widely used mechanical test in the world for characterising materials. A single test provides the data that every engineer uses on a daily basis: elastic modulus, yield strength, tensile strength and ductility.

In this article, we examine what the tensile test is, how...

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stages of tensile testing

3 min read

What is Tensile Strength and How is it Calculated

Tensile strength is one of the most important mechanical properties in industrial design and material selection. It indicates the ability of a material to withstand forces that tend to elongate or fracture it.

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Pieces of composite materials

4 min read

Composite Materials: Types, Properties and Applications

Composite materials represent one of the most significant innovations in modern engineering. Thanks to their ability to combine lightness, strength and high performance, they have become indispensable across sectors ranging from aerospace to construction.

In this article you will discover what...

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